Fighting oppression

What type of women’s movement do we need?

April 8, 2021

Becci Heagney
Britain’s misogynistic justice system

April 1, 2021

A Coventry Socialist Alternative member
Socialist feminism – what we say

March 22, 2021

Socialist Alternative
Three leave advisory panel as Tories fail to ban conversion therapy

March 16, 2021

Kes Page, South West Socialist Alternative
Police violently attack Sarah Everard vigil – socialist feminism now more than ever!

March 15, 2021

Socialist Alternative
Sarah Everard – never again: Fight for an end to gender-based violence

March 11, 2021

Sue Berry and Danni Crowter

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UPCOMING EVENTS

What type of women’s movement do we need?

Women are fighting back against sexism, violence and poverty across the world. When we consider the position that women find themselves in, it’s hardly a surprise. Globally each day, 137 women are killed by a family member. 72% of all trafficking victims are women and girls. One third of women internationally have experienced some kind of sexual violence.

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Waves of protest explode when provoked by specific events. It could be attacks on abortion rights, revelations of systemic sexual abuse or rape cultue, or a brutal murder of a woman such as Sarah Everard in London. However, the reason that these specific events lead to mass protests which may last weeks or months is the deep seated rage that exists. Rage against a system which leads to attacks on women at the same time as blaming us for those attacks. Rage that we experience this every day and seemingly nothing is changing; in fact, it is getting worse.

This is reflected in the popularity of feminist ideas, particularly amongst young people. It is also reflected in the reestablishing of International Women’s Day (8th March) as a day of struggle. In recent years there have been regular strikes and protests in countries such as the Spanish state, Russia and Brazil. It highlights that whilst actions might be sporadic, appearing in different countries at different times, that they are all part of a general process taking place: a developing international movement of women.

More than this, it impacts on the role that women play in other struggles i.e. movements not specifically on issues that affect women. In Myanmar, India, Thailand and Belarus to name just a few examples, women are at the forefront of revolutionary movements. They are participating in general strikes as workers and trade unionists, but demands against gender violence and sexism are brought to the fore of these movements by them. A woman activist in India was quoted by Al-Jazeera saying: “Today we are finding ourselves under attack at all fronts. As women, as peasants, as workers, as youth and students. We are opposed to the laws that have been passed in favour of corporations.”

Global women’s movement a response to crisis

In other words, the global women’s movement is not something developing in a vacuum. It is part and parcel of a general radicalisation of the working class and poor internationally who are moving into struggle against the impact of the economic, social and political crises of capitalism. 13 years after the global crash in the economy and faced with a deepening of the recession, triggered by the coronavirus pandemic, workers are drawing the conclusion that they need to defend themselves and resist governments forcing them to pay with their jobs and their lives.

It’s not an accident that women are at the front. It’s usually the case that the most oppressed will be the first to move into struggle. Coronavirus has revealed the precarious position that women face in capitalist society. Women as the majority of key workers have been on the frontline of dealing with the virus but are also more at risk of losing their jobs now because we dominate in industries such as retail or because we are more likely to give up work to stay at home to care for children or unwell relatives. Black women are even more likely to lose their jobs – twice as likely as white men in the US, for example. Domestic abuse has increased in every country during lockdowns at the same time as more women were being forced back into the home, juggling childcare, home working and other tasks. There is the very real prospect that women’s liberation, as much as it ever existed, could be pushed back decades. That is spurring on the movement.

Alongside this, the pandemic is being used as an excuse to attack democratic rights and increase repression in many countries. In Britain, the Tories’ policing bill has already been greeted with the Kill the Bill protests, being linked by those on them to the ability to struggle against gendered violence. Around the world, women are coming up against the forces of the state and their violence. Significantly, this is not scaring people away and instead is having the effect of hardening their resolve and forcing them to question who the police are really there to protect.

‘Post-feminism’ smashed – we need socialist feminism

The experience of the last decade of austerity has not only meant a worsening of the economic position of women but also a smashing of the neo-liberal idea of ‘post-feminism’. The idea that women had achieved legal equality and sexual liberation has been shown to be the lie that it was, and the response has been movements such as #MeToo. Something which started online as a mass outpouring of the horrific experiences women have faced of sexual assault and rape is now a big feature of the mass protests and strikes since 2019. The post-feminist idea of individualism – that changes should be made by changing your own life or attitude – has been turned into its opposite as we see the trend towards mass collective action, including workers and young people of all genders.

All of this points to the type of movement that we need. We need a feminist movement that is also socialist. This means a movement which has militant struggle at its core including huge protests and strike action, linking up with the workers and trade union struggles to build mass united action. It means analysing the role of the capitalist state, including the police and the justice system, and stating clearly that we cannot rely on them to keep us safe or to provide justice. It means learning our history, that all gains we have won from the right to vote, access to contraception and equal pay, have been won through struggle. It means linking the battle for safety and against gender violence, with the battle to defend our jobs and for funding to the services we need. It means a movement which is inclusive of women who face other kinds of oppression such as racism, homophobia and transphobia, developing a programme which tackles prejudice in all its forms.

A socialist society is one where the working class is democratically in control of what happens. Through nationalising big business and the banks we would be able to use the wealth which exists in society (wealth which is created by the working class) to benefit the majority. We could massively increase wages and decrease working hours so that everyone has a decent standard of living. Economic liberation for women would mean that there wouldn’t need to be a choice between having children and being able to work and there would be the freedom to leave a relationship if it was unhappy or violent. Fully funding public services would mean access to the healthcare that women need, including free abortion and contraception at the point of need, as well as other services to ensure that we are safe. The Russian Revolution in 1917 led to a ‘socialisation’ of the burden which is put on women today in the home. Over 100 years later and with advances in technology this could go even further.

This is just one side of it. By changing the economic system we could also fundamentally change attitudes towards women, which have their roots in class society. The systemic oppression of women under capitalism – a system based on inequality and the power of a few over the majority – is most brutally shown in sexual violence against women. It is not a question of sex, but a question of power. It’s why the majority of sexual violence happens against women and gender non-conforming people and is why it is prevalent in war and counter-revolution. This can not be ‘educated’ away, no matter how much former feminist waves have revolutionised attitudes. It will always be a feature of capitalism and any gains that are made are temporary. This applies to economic gains (the NHS is a good example of a victory which changed the lives of working class people but has since been decimated and privatised) but also to changes in attitudes. Sexual freedom has been sold back to us in the sex industry, making massive profits whilst perpetuating damaging ideas of female sexuality and toxic masculinity.

The need for mass and collective struggle

The movements are already developing in the direction of being youthful, working class and internationalist, which is something socialist feminists would support. The ideas of the second wave of feminism, that the ‘personal is political’, are a necessary feature in this new wave of feminism also. Individual experiences of rape, sexual assault and sexual harassment are being generalised into a mass anger against the system which causes them. The role of capitalism in sexual violence has recently been brought to the fore in the feminist anthem originating in Chile – a rapist in your path. This song puts the blame squarely on the police, courts and the system as a whole and highlights why we need a fundamental change in society if we are going to end gendered violence. But how do we get there?

Socialist feminism offers a vision of the transformed society we need. But it can also help us in building the type of movement that’s necessary to achieve this in a concrete way. We raise the need for a united, working-class struggle because it is the working class which has the power to change society. Workers’ position – as wealth creators – means that when they go on strike, it has the power to bring the whole of the country (or the world) to a standstill. More than that, the working class are the people who are actually needed to make society run and have a vital role to play in the building of a new, socialist society. The working class coming to power is the key idea behind socialism.

In order to be able to achieve this, we need a united movement. Socialists would say that there is nothing ‘natural’ about the divisions between men and women, white and Black people, straight and gay people and so on. These divisions are fostered by the capitalist system to allow them to super exploit sections of the working class whilst we blame each other, rather than the bosses. This doesn’t mean that racist and sexist attitudes don’t exist within the working class, but it points towards how we can challenge them. Through collective struggle, attitudes change when it is revealed that we have more in common with each other than we do with people of the same gender, race, sexuality or nationality in the ruling class. United struggle also reveals how much stronger we are when we come together than when we fight alone.

Unity of the organised working class

The young people of all genders who are taking on the streets shouldn’t just wait for the trade union leaders to act. However, by making appeals to the rank and file workers in the trade unions to join the protests and discuss collectively the demands of the movement, these protests can be strengthened further. In Poland, the abortion rights protests have been supported by industrial workers and there was support for a general strike, but this was never something seriously organised by the leadership for the movement. If it had been, it would have shown that the women fighting for their right to abortion could find solidarity in workers who are also fighting to defend their jobs and pay, and vice versa. Any government would fear such a united movement.

The last decade has shown that to limit our aims to getting more women into politics or business is a complete blind-alley. Afterall, the Kill the Bill protests are opposing a policy that has been spearheaded by a woman of colour, Priti Patel, who despite this is responsible for a law which will limit protests and allow the police to target women and people of colour more than anyone. She is nonetheless pursuing this draconian policy because she is representing her class and their interests. Meanwhile, many of the people on the protests were supporters of Jeremy Corbyn – an old, white, straight man – because of what he stood for. Our movement does need to pay special attention to the triple and quadruple oppressions experienced by working class women who are also Black and/or gay and/or trans. We need to fight for a movement that is representative of everyone and where everyone can participate. But we need to look to what unites us rather than what makes us different – our position as part of the working class.

This type of movement can only be built democratically with the mass involvement of all of those who are oppressed participating in not just action, but also in discussions about what the movement is fighting for. Mass assemblies and meetings are a good way of hearing from as many people as possible and making decisions in a democratic way. These assemblies could also look at how best to build solidarity and links with other workers in struggle. Far from this meaning that issues related to women’s oppression would be sidelined, it will elevate them and mean that the mass of the organised working class were united in fighting for them. It is on this basis we can see how we can win not just our immediate demands but a new type of society free from oppression, inequality and violence: a socialist society.
Britain’s misogynistic justice system

The outpouring of grief and anger following the murder of Sarah Everard has seen vigils and protests on the streets around the country, with many more people displaying candles at their homes to remember her and other victims of gender-based violence.

The charging of a serving police officer, Wayne Couzens, in connection with this murder has compounded the anger many feel, as the police are portrayed as a body designed to protect people. The reality is very different, as they stand accused of a complete failure to protect women: two indecent exposure complaints were made against the officer charged with Sarah’s murder on February 28th, but he remained on duty as an armed police officer anyway. Some news sources have even reported that he remained on armed duty after becoming the prime suspect in the murder, putting the public at risk – particularly women.

After the Clapham Common vigil, at which police attacked and arrested mourners and protesters, police officers refused to help a woman who reported to police officers at the scene that a man had exposed himself to her, and even turned on her and accused her of being a “rioter” – a sick echo of their failure to investigate accusations against Wayne Couzens before Sarah’s murder. Disgracefully, the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) “investigated” the vigil and found that the police had acted appropriately – their false “independence” showing yet again. Another officer was removed from his duties – but not suspended – after sending a “sick” picture to police colleagues while guarding the site at which Sarah’s body was found.

Misogyny is an inherent part of the police and justice system, and many individual police officers carry out violent attacks against women both as part of their job but also at home: at least 666 complaints of domestic violence were made against police officers between 2015 and 2018. The super-complaint regarding this, filed by the Centre for Women’s Justice, demonstrated that just 3.9% of domestic abuse allegations against police officers ended in a conviction, compared to the (already dismally low) 6.2% among the general population. Less than 20% of allegations led to any kind of sanction or discipline in the workplace, and less than a third of police forces who responded to an FOI request even had procedures in place for dealing with allegations of domestic violence against officers.

The Metropolitan Police systematically ignores complaints of sexual misconduct made against officers: 594 complaints were made against officers between 2012 and 2018, but only 119 were upheld. Two Met officers were suspended after disgustingly posing with the bodies of Nicole Smallman and Bibaa Henry, two murdered Black women. Other police forces behave similarly: PC Oliver Banfield is currently still working for West Midlands Police, despite pleading guilty to a violent, misogynistic attack on Emma Homer, another woman who was just walking home like Sarah.

This problem is not confined to the UK: two US studies found that at least 40% of police officers carried out domestic abuse. The notorious “Golden State killer”, Joseph DeAngelo, carried out at least 13 murders and 50 rapes – many while serving as a police officer.

Police abuse of women is not always violent. The Mitting “Spy Cops” Enquiry heard from many socialist and environmental organisations that were infiltrated by undercover officers, including organisations that Socialist Alternative members were part of. These officers assumed false identities – often using the names of dead children as some kind of sick joke – and used their positions in these organisations to get into relationships with female activists. In some cases these relationships went on for years and the officers fathered children – all under false pretences. This practice was enabled by senior figures in the police force, and was nothing less than state sponsored sexual abuse.

The recently passed Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) Bill enshrined this into law, giving undercover police officers blanket immunity from prosecution for any criminal activity undertaken “in the line of duty” – including rape, murder and torture. In light of this, the tone-deaf announcement that plain clothes officers will be in bars and clubs when they reopen is not at all reassuring to many women: any crimes against women they commit could be dismissed under the terms of this Bill.

Misogyny is also evident in the abject failure of the police and justice system to adequately prosecute in cases of intimate partner violence, stalking and sexual assault. Rape convictions have fallen to a record low in England and Wales. In the year leading up to March 2020, just 1.4% of rape accusations led to a suspect being charged – despite a sharp rise in the number of cases being reported to police. Causes for this include a perceived difficulty in prosecuting rape cases, and the introduction of an arbitrary target of a 60% conviction rate for cases taken to trial.

The Victims’ Commissioner said in response that “what we are witnessing is the de-criminalisation of rape”. The police’s failure to properly deal with allegations of indecent exposure against PC Wayne Couzens may have led to tragic consequences for Sarah Everard – just as they did for Shana Grice, who was murdered by her ex-boyfriend, having previously been fined by police for reporting him as a stalker. The inevitable consequence of this failure is that that women are far less likely to report incidents of rape and sexual assault to the police – particularly given the possibility that they will be forced to testify in court, during which they may be cross-examined and insulted by solicitors, and will be forced to hand their phones and other technology over to police.

There is also a shocking double standard in the prosecution of women who kill their partners compared to men, with some being convicted of the lesser charge of manslaughter rather than murder on the grounds that their partners “nagged” them. Helen Gavin describes this difference in perception between “jealous men but evil women”. Joseph McGrail walked free from court after kicking his partner to death, the judge saying of his victim “this lady would have tried the patience of a saint”. Les Humes stabbed his wife to death in front of their children, and was convicted of manslaughter on the grounds that he “lost control” because she was leaving him. David Hampson beat his wife to death with a hammer, buried her body in the garden and coerced their daughter into lying about her murdered mother’s whereabouts for two years: he was sentenced to six years for manslaughter. Just a few weeks ago, Anthony Williams was convicted of manslaughter after he admitted to “choking the living daylights” out of his wife, Ruth – his excuse was that he “snapped” after just five days of lockdown. Contrast this with the treatment of women like Ellie Wain and Emma-Jayne Magson, both of whom have recently been convicted of murder after stabbing their abusive partners. Ellie was described as a “willing participant” in violence by the judge in her trial, rather than as a victim of male violence.

Despite all these issues, the policing bill further shows that this rotten Tory government is determined to hand more power to the police. The endemic misogyny and unaccountability in the police and justice system has to change. The Centre for Women’s Justice has proposed some positive steps, however we believe the changes need to go much further. The CWJ argue that the initial reporting route of allegations of domestic violence against police should be the Independent Office of Police Conduct – while this would certainly be an improvement, unfortunately, as we can see from their support for the brutal police violence at the vigil for Sarah Everard, we cannot trust the false “independence” of the IOPC.

All accusations of domestic abuse, sexual misconduct or violence against police officers must be investigated by independent, community-led bodies including trade unions, with Black organisations and women’s organisations specifically represented. This control should extend to hiring and firing powers, to tactics used by officers, and where resources are directed. There should also be specialist training organised throughout the justice system, under the full control of the same organisations and the trade unions, in how to work with victims of gendered and racist violence, and women involved in crime, as well as the election of judges who should be subject to democratic control. Socialist Alternative members recently helped organise a meeting for probation officers through the NAPO trade union, delivered by an author of the “Women Who Kill” report for the Centre for Women’s Justice; this is a small-scale example of what should happen nationally.

Misogyny and racism is a key part of the function of the police under capitalism: they primarily exist not to protect ordinary people from violence and crime, but to defend the interests of capitalism and the state. As gender-based oppression and racism is inherent to capitalism, the role of the police includes enforcing misogyny and racism. Fundamental changes are clearly needed. All riot police, Special Branch and all undercover units that are used to spy on activist groups should be abolished immediately. We need democratic, community controlled bodies to protect women and workers.

To fight for the complete overhaul of the policing and justice system, we need a united movement of the working class to fight for the end of the capitalist system that enables and encourages them, and for a socialist world.
Socialist feminism – what we say

End Victim Blaming! Protest against any attempts to blame women for violence against them, including in the media and by the police. Demand fact-based sex and relationship education in schools, and training in workplaces where necessary, which is LGBTQ+ inclusive and includes comprehensive discussion on consent, abuse, sexuality and gender, as a way to begin to tackle sexist attitudes.

End violence against women and other oppressed groups, including state violence! No trust in the police to keep us safe. Demand an open and democratic inquiry into the murder of Sarah Everard, and other murdered women such as Blessing Olusegan, involving elected representatives from the families, communities, campaign groups, trade unions, and other relevant organisations.

Defend the right to protest, end police harassment! We cannot accept attacks on the democratic right to protest or to assemble publicly. Oppose the new Police & Crime Bill. Organise mass resistance to any attempts to intimidate or repress protests, including the trade unions mobilising their 6 million members.

Community control over the police! The main role of the police on the basis of capitalism is to protect the system and private property, not working class people. We need democratic control over where police are deployed, how they carry out investigations, and over the hiring and firing of police officers. Drive out sexist, racist, homophobic and transphobic police officers!

End sexual harassment and bullying in the workplace! As job insecurity and unemployment increases, so does sexual harassment as many women and LGBTQ+ people feel too worried about losing their jobs to speak out. Trade unions must organise to fight sexual harassment in the workplace, including with collective protests and strike action, such as the McDonalds and Google workers did in the US.

Decent pay and conditions for all workers. Women workers make up a majority of key workers and must be at the forefront of the battles to win what they owe us! Back the demand for a 15% pay rise for health workers as the first step towards a mass trade-union led struggle against the public sector pay freeze. End zero-hour contracts and share out the work without loss of pay.

Resources and support for survivors of domestic abuse. The majority of violence against women and children happens within the home or by someone known to the victims. Reopen all refuges and invest to expand spaces. A mass programme of council house-building to meet need and offer an escape route for those who need it.

Free, high quality local authority provided childcare for all who want it. Invest in training, jobs and infrastructure to expand service provision. Wherever cuts or closures are threatened as a result of losses during lockdown or otherwise, take these businesses into public ownership while maintaining all jobs.

Defend and extend reproductive rights. This Tory government includes among its ministers reactionaries like Nadine Dorries (with responsibility for women’s health and maternity care!) who has repeatedly attempted to reduce the time limit within which women can access abortion. Resist these attacks, remove the need for two doctor’s signatures. Full access to fertility treatment on the NHS for all who need it.

Make the streets safe for all! 97% of young women have experienced harassment on the streets. We’ve had enough! Any and all measures that women and communities demand to help them feel more safe should be provided. Local and central government must reverse all cuts to street lighting and to staff on public transport and at bus and train stations. Reverse cuts and invest in services to support survivors of gender violence in all its forms. But the reality is that these measures will not make us truly safe while misogyny and the capitalist system which breeds it remain.

A united movement to challenge power, control and oppression in society! We need to ensure that the anger felt at the murder of Sarah Everard is translated into a movement for change, not forgetting the many other women and gender non-conforming people who are killed daily as a result of gender-based violence, particularly People of Colour. Capitalism and its political representatives seek to divide ordinary people by whipping up sexism, racism and other forms of prejudice and exploitation. Our movement must be representative of the whole of the working class, fighting against all forms of oppression and unequal power relations within society.

We need system change! For an international, socialist feminist struggle against capitalism – an inherently oppressive and exploitative system. Sexual assault, rape and violence against women and LGBTQI+ people happens the world over, because capitalism exists globally. It’s a system based on the oppression of working class people in the interests of profit, with specific sections of the working class facing oppression because of their gender, race, sexual identity and more. The system benefits from our oppression and exploitation, conditioning people to see women as subordinate to men and objectifying our bodies. We stand in solidarity with the millions who have protested in huge movements around the world in recent years against gender violence and misogyny. We need to build a strong movement which fights to change the system and for a socialist feminist alternative in Britain and internationally.

Here is a model motion which can be moved in trade union branches, campaign groups and students unions:

This union branch/group/students union notes:
- The devastating murder of Sarah Everard, as one tragic example of gender based violence, which causes two women a week to be killed in the UK.
- The victim blaming of Sarah which took place in the media, insinuating she was to blame for walking home alone. This is an example of myths around rape and gender based violence which are perpetuated within our society and it should be challenged.
- The outrageous response by the police to the peaceful vigil in Clapham Common (and other areas around the country) which resulted in kettling attendees, dragging them away and arresting some.
This union branch/group/students union resolves:
- To send solidarity to the family and friends of Sarah Everard, and all those who turned out to the vigils and protests
- Organise any necessary action to defend the right to protest, including mobilising our members to future protests and vigils
- Demand that the Labour Party and other opposition parties oppose the Police and Crime Bill which aims at extending police powers and attacks the right to protest. Mobilise our members to lobby and protest this bill
- Hold a meeting of our members to discuss gender based violence, victim blaming and any related issues in the workplace that our members face. Where appropriate launch workplace campaigns to tackle these issues, including training on consent and sexual harassment

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